VALID – 2025

Exploring the endeavors of our predecessors to create change and achieve a desirable state provides the basis for understanding the ideas and processes that are necessary and opening for building the pathways ahead.

Texts from:

• Critic by Mirza Fatali Akhundzade on “One Word” essay by Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar ol Doleh, 1868.
• Constitutional Decree
• The Iranian Constitution of 1906
• Akhundzadeh, Iran-ness and Nationalism. By Sadegh Sajjadi.
• Explanation of the Concept of Freedom in Akhundzadeh’s Believes. By Emad Safarzadeh Brojeni.
• An Introduction to Allegories of Mirza Fathali Akhundzadeh.By Hasan Djavadi.